Water stress levels globally, by country

Bahrain has one of the highest water stress levels in the world. Based on an index that reflects how much water is extracted in relation to the available renewable water supplies, Bahrain was graded five on a scale from zero to five, where five shows the highest level of water stress. Other countries with the highest scores were Cyprus, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, and Qatar.

Baseline water stress score worldwide in 2023, by select country

Characteristic	Score
Bahrain	5
Cyprus	5
Kuwait	5
Lebanon	5
Oman	5
Qatar	5
United Arab Emirates	5
Saudi Arabia	4.98
Israel	4.94
Egypt	4.85
Libya	4.81
Yemen	4.69
Botswana	4.66
Iran	4.65
Jordan	4.62
Chile	4.47
San Marino	4.45
Belgium	4.41
Greece	4.34
Tunisia	4.28
Namibia	4.18
South Africa	4.17
Iraq	4.15
India	4.11
Syria	4.01
Mexico	4
Morocco	3.99
Eritrea	3.94
Spain	3.94
Algeria	3.87
Pakistan	3.79
Peru	3.74
Turkmenistan	3.74
Uzbekistan	3.63
Thailand	3.62
Andorra	3.54
Albania	3.47
Niger	3.47
Turkey	3.39
Afghanistan	3.37
Italy	3.34
Kyrgyzstan	3.28
Portugal	3.26
Nepal	3.18
Djibouti	3.18
Mongolia	3.13
Macedonia	3.01
Armenia	2.99
Lesotho	2.95
Luxembourg	2.93
Australia	2.91
China	2.8
Mauritania	2.73
Guyana	2.7
Indonesia	2.67
Bangladesh	2.66
United States	2.6
Kazakhstan	2.51
Azerbaijan	2.47
South Korea	2.38
Sri Lanka	2.36
Tajikistan	2.34
North Korea	2.32
Senegal	2.22
Zimbabwe	2.17
Lithuania	2.14
Myanmar	2.13
Vietnam	2.11
Germany	2.04
Philippines	2.03
Japan	1.97
El Salvador	1.95
France	1.92
Tanzania	1.91
Cambodia	1.87
Czech Republic	1.84
Argentina	1.83
Uruguay	1.83
Venezuela	1.82
Timor-Leste	1.77
Somalia	1.67
Suriname	1.67
Poland	1.66
Cuba	1.65
Burkina Faso	1.65
Slovakia	1.62
Dominican Republic	1.6
Haiti	1.6
Netherlands	1.58
Sudan	1.46
Bulgaria	1.46
South Sudan	1.39
Ukraine	1.37
United Kingdom	1.3
Moldova	1.26
Serbia	1.24
Canada	1.23
Estonia	1.22
Romania	1.19
Belarus	1.18
Russia	1.17
Angola	1.13
Brazil	1.04
Malaysia	1.03
Guatemala	1.03
Ethiopia	0.96
Denmark	0.95
Georgia	0.93
Madagascar	0.9
Chad	0.85
Zambia	0.85
Liechtenstein	0.81
Finland	0.81
Nigeria	0.8
Kenya	0.79
Sweden	0.78
Malawi	0.75
Panama	0.75
Laos	0.74
Montenegro	0.72
Mali	0.68
Ecuador	0.66
Costa Rica	0.65
Latvia	0.57
Slovenia	0.53
Colombia	0.5
Hungary	0.43
Switzerland	0.41
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0.4
Mozambique	0.37
Bhutan	0.37
Ireland	0.36
Guinea	0.36
Swaziland	0.31
Guinea-Bissau	0.31
Austria	0.26
Nicaragua	0.21
Uganda	0.2
Norway	0.19
Croatia	0.17
Bolivia	0.16
Honduras	0.11
Ghana	0.11
Belize	0.07
New Zealand	0.05
Gambia	0.02
Republic of Congo	0.01
Democratic Republic of the Congo	0.01
Central African Republic	0.01
Cameroon	0.01
Benin	0
Togo	0
Paraguay	0
Burundi	0
Brunei	0
CÃ´te d'Ivoire	0
Gabon	0
Equatorial Guinea	0
Iceland	0
Jamaica	0
Liberia	0
Papua New Guinea	0
Rwanda	0
Sierra Leone	0

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Release date

August 2023

More information

Region

Worldwide

Survey time period

2023

Special properties

scale from 0.0 (lowest risk) to 5.0 (highest risk)*

Supplementary notes

* The baseline water stress index measures the ratio of total water withdrawals to available renewable water supplies. Water withdrawals include domestic, industrial, irrigation, and livestock consumptive and non-consumptive uses. Available renewable water supplies include surface and groundwater and consider the impact of upstream consumptive water users and large dams on downstream water availability. Higher values indicate more competition among users.
Countries excluded from this statistic were not surveyed or did not have available data.

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