Municipal water withdrawals worldwide 2021, by country

Published by
Erick Burgueño Salas,
Mar 10, 2025

China has the largest municipal water withdrawals worldwide, at an estimated 117 billion cubic meters per year. This was followed by the United States, which withdraws 58.4 billion cubic meters for the municipal sector. Municipal water withdrawals account for roughly 13 percent of global water withdrawals.

Countries with the largest total municipal water withdrawals worldwide in 2021 (in billion cubic meters)

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Release date

March 2025

Region

Worldwide

Survey time period

2021

Supplementary notes

Municipal water withdrawal - Annual quantity of water withdrawn primarily for the direct use by the population. It can include water from renewable freshwater resources, as well as water from over-abstraction of renewable groundwater or withdrawal from fossil groundwater, direct use of agricultural drainage water, direct use of (treated) wastewater, and desalinated water. It is usually computed as the total water withdrawn by the public distribution network. It can include that part of the industries and urban agriculture, which is connected to the municipal network. The ratio between the net consumption and the water withdrawn can vary from 5 to 15% in urban areas and from 10 to 50% in rural areas.
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