Russia's gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) was the largest in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), at nearly ** billion U.S. dollars in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms in 2021. Poland followed, having spent around **** billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms on R&D. In the following year, Poland was forecast to increase its spending by around **** percent.
Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country
(in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms)
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R&D WORLD. (May 30, 2022). Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms) [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved July 22, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345124/cee-gerd-by-country/
R&D WORLD. "Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms)." Chart. May 30, 2022. Statista. Accessed July 22, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345124/cee-gerd-by-country/
R&D WORLD. (2022). Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms). Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: July 22, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345124/cee-gerd-by-country/
R&D WORLD. "Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (Gerd) in Central and Eastern Europe (Cee) from 2021 to 2022, by Selected Country (in Billion U.S. Dollars in Ppp Terms)." Statista, Statista Inc., 30 May 2022, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345124/cee-gerd-by-country/
R&D WORLD, Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345124/cee-gerd-by-country/ (last visited July 22, 2025)
Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms) [Graph], R&D WORLD, May 30, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345124/cee-gerd-by-country/
