As of January 2025, the United States had several federal laws dedicated to data privacy of its citizens. Each of them, though, covers one or a few specific areas of data privacy. The Privacy Act of 1974 controls the data collection and use by federal agencies and was enacted in September 1975.
The law regulating data privacy in the healthcare industry, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), was enacted on August 21, 1996. The U.S. federal law protecting the data privacy of individuals under 13 has been active since 1998. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA), effective since November 1999, protects individuals' financial information privacy.
Additionally, several states have developed and implemented online data privacy laws.
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Selected federal laws for data privacy protection in the United States as of January 2025, by enactment date
Characteristic
Date of enactment
Privacy Act of 1974
Enacted on September 27, '75
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
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Bloomberg Law. (February 5, 2025). Selected federal laws for data privacy protection in the United States as of January 2025, by enactment date [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved July 25, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1403841/us-data-privacy-laws-federal-by-date/
Bloomberg Law. "Selected federal laws for data privacy protection in the United States as of January 2025, by enactment date." Chart. February 5, 2025. Statista. Accessed July 25, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1403841/us-data-privacy-laws-federal-by-date/
Bloomberg Law. (2025). Selected federal laws for data privacy protection in the United States as of January 2025, by enactment date. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: July 25, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1403841/us-data-privacy-laws-federal-by-date/
Bloomberg Law. "Selected Federal Laws for Data Privacy Protection in The United States as of January 2025, by Enactment Date." Statista, Statista Inc., 5 Feb 2025, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1403841/us-data-privacy-laws-federal-by-date/
Bloomberg Law, Selected federal laws for data privacy protection in the United States as of January 2025, by enactment date Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1403841/us-data-privacy-laws-federal-by-date/ (last visited July 25, 2025)
Selected federal laws for data privacy protection in the United States as of January 2025, by enactment date [Graph], Bloomberg Law, February 5, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1403841/us-data-privacy-laws-federal-by-date/
