India power sector emissions by source 2023| Statista

Power sector emissions in India surged seven percent in 2023, to a high of 1.4 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO₂). The increase in energy demand driven by rapid economic growth has seen India’s power sector emissions more than triple since the turn of the century to become the third-highest worldwide.

The role of coal

The dramatic rise in India’s power sector emissions is a result of the country’s increased use of coal as a power source. Coal – the dirtiest of fossil fuels – accounted for around 95 percent of the sectors’ emissions in 2023. It is the primary source of electricity generation in India, accounting for around three-quarters in 2023.

Most polluting power plants in India

In 2023, seven of the 10 biggest emitters in India were coal-fired power plants. The most polluting was the Vindhyachal Super Thermal Power Station, which produced 26 GtCO₂. was the Vindhyachal Super Thermal Power Station, which produced 26 GtCO₂. The plant is located in the state of Uttar Pradesh, which generated India’s second-highest power-related emissions in 2023.

Power sector emissions in India from 2000 to 2023, by source (in million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent)

Characteristic	Bioenergy	Coal	Gas	Hydro	Nuclear	Other Fossil*	Solar	Wind
2023	8.5	1,346.8	35.54	3.54	0.28	2.61	5.39	1.32
2022	8.81	1,256.14	32.6	4.16	0.27	2.49	4.52	1.13
2021	7.95	1,160.33	41.47	3.81	0.26	2.22	3.25	1.1
2020	7.1	1,042.33	51.83	3.89	0.26	2.03	2.79	0.97
2019	6.81	1,093.56	49.87	3.85	0.27	2.02	2.2	1.02
2018	5.88	1,095.16	49.39	3.32	0.23	4.21	1.73	0.97
2017	5.39	1,020.03	51.97	3.23	0.22	5.78	1.02	0.85
2016	5.37	983.7	50.33	3.05	0.22	6.19	0.55	0.7
2015	6.62	924.16	44.89	3.17	0.23	6.09	0.31	0.53
2014	5.34	874.37	44.36	3.3	0.2	7.6	0.23	0.54
2013	4.86	782.51	45.96	3.14	0.2	7.01	0.16	0.48
2012	4.31	728.15	66.71	2.75	0.19	6.63	0.1	0.44
2011	3.71	650.73	81.48	3.13	0.19	6.15	0.04	0.39
2010	3.09	597.6	81.8	2.58	0.14	7.09	0.01	0.31
2009	2.52	568.05	72.34	2.53	0.1	8.61	0	0.26
2008	2.01	532.65	59.52	2.74	0.09	10.05	0	0.23
2007	1.6	495.61	62.41	2.91	0.1	8.79	0	0.19
2006	1.21	469.78	51.77	2.68	0.1	12.55	0	0.15
2005	0.87	444.76	52.31	2.31	0.1	16.69	0	0.1
2004	0.72	430.44	53.08	2.39	0.13	18.6	0	0.08
2003	0.59	410.39	50.46	1.65	0.11	20.46	0	0.04
2002	0.46	396.55	43.58	1.63	0.11	18.38	0	0.03
2001	0.45	379.35	38.76	1.71	0.11	17.63	0	0.03
2000	0.37	362.56	38.78	1.83	0.09	19.19	0	0.03

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Release date

July 2024

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Region

India

Survey time period

2000 to 2023

Supplementary notes

Figures aim to include full lifecycle emissions including upstream methane, supply-chain and manufacturing emissions, and include all gases, converted into CO₂ equivalent over a 100 year timescale.

*Other fossil includes generation from oil and petroleum products, as well as manufactured gases and waste.

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