In February 2025, the Israeli spyware Paragon was found to be behind the zero-click exploits of WhatsApp spyware campaign. The attack campaign targeted around 90 journalists. Earlier, in 2023, an investigation was published indicating the infection of iPhone iOS (16.6) devices with Pegasus spyware. The report refers to the exploit chain as BLASTPASS. This, by far, is the latest known zero-click exploit. In 2021, it was reported about another case of a zero-click malware spread.
Furthermore, in 2016, some Apple users were targeted by a tool called Karma, which also had a zero-click nature. In 2019, approximately 1400 users of WhatsApp Messenger were targeted by a zero-click exploit that infected their devices with Pegasus spyware.
Reported cases of zero-click exploits worldwide as of March 2025
Name of the attack
Tool(s) used in the attack
Apple (2016)
Project Raven/Karma
WhatsApp (2019)
Pegasus
Apple (2021)
Pegasus
Apple (2023)
Pegasus
Samsung (2025)
Unknown
WhatsApp (2025)
Paragon Solutions
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Reuters, & The Citizen Lab, & The Hacker News. (March 26, 2025). Reported cases of zero-click exploits worldwide as of March 2025 [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved June 07, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1412305/zero-click-exploits-global/
Reuters, und The Citizen Lab, und The Hacker News. "Reported cases of zero-click exploits worldwide as of March 2025." Chart. March 26, 2025. Statista. Accessed June 07, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1412305/zero-click-exploits-global/
Reuters, The Citizen Lab, The Hacker News. (2025). Reported cases of zero-click exploits worldwide as of March 2025. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: June 07, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1412305/zero-click-exploits-global/
Reuters, and The Citizen Lab, and The Hacker News. "Reported Cases of Zero-click Exploits Worldwide as of March 2025." Statista, Statista Inc., 26 Mar 2025, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1412305/zero-click-exploits-global/
Reuters & The Citizen Lab & The Hacker News, Reported cases of zero-click exploits worldwide as of March 2025 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1412305/zero-click-exploits-global/ (last visited June 07, 2025)
Reported cases of zero-click exploits worldwide as of March 2025 [Graph], Reuters, & The Citizen Lab, & The Hacker News, March 26, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1412305/zero-click-exploits-global/
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