As of 2023, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands were the European countries which had the greatest stock of direct investments from abroad, with around three trillion U.S. dollars and 2.77 trillion dollars respectively. Ireland and Luxembourg also had large stocks of foreign direct investments, with Luxembourg's stock of FDI being worth around 14 times its GDP.
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OECD. (October 30, 2024). Inward stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) from Europe in 2023, by country (in millions of U.S. dollars) [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved June 17, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1454378/fdi-inward-stock-by-country-europe/
OECD. "Inward stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) from Europe in 2023, by country (in millions of U.S. dollars) ." Chart. October 30, 2024. Statista. Accessed June 17, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1454378/fdi-inward-stock-by-country-europe/
OECD. (2024). Inward stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) from Europe in 2023, by country (in millions of U.S. dollars) . Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: June 17, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1454378/fdi-inward-stock-by-country-europe/
OECD. "Inward Stock of Foreign Direct Investment (Fdi) from Europe in 2023, by Country (in Millions of U.S. Dollars) ." Statista, Statista Inc., 30 Oct 2024, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1454378/fdi-inward-stock-by-country-europe/
OECD, Inward stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) from Europe in 2023, by country (in millions of U.S. dollars) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1454378/fdi-inward-stock-by-country-europe/ (last visited June 17, 2025)
Inward stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) from Europe in 2023, by country (in millions of U.S. dollars) [Graph], OECD, October 30, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1454378/fdi-inward-stock-by-country-europe/