At the end of 2024, foreign investors owned around a third of the total Italian debt, while the central bank held around 22 percent. Private banks and financial intermediaries owned another 21 percent of the total national debt.
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Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as of November 2024
Characteristic
Share of debt holders
Foreign investors
31.3%
Bank of Italy
21.7%
Other national Monetary financial institutions (MFIs)
As defined by the European Central Bank, MFIs include deposit-taking corporations (credit institutions; financial intermediaries; electronic money institutions) and money market funds.
The sum of the figures may not reach 100 percent, probably due to rounding by the source.
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Banca d'Italia. (February 14, 2025). Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as of November 2024 [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved June 26, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1566061/italy-holders-of-public-debt/
Banca d'Italia. "Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as of November 2024." Chart. February 14, 2025. Statista. Accessed June 26, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1566061/italy-holders-of-public-debt/
Banca d'Italia. (2025). Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as of November 2024. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: June 26, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1566061/italy-holders-of-public-debt/
Banca d'Italia. "Distribution of Holders of Italian Government Debt as of November 2024." Statista, Statista Inc., 14 Feb 2025, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1566061/italy-holders-of-public-debt/
Banca d'Italia, Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as of November 2024 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1566061/italy-holders-of-public-debt/ (last visited June 26, 2025)
Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as of November 2024 [Graph], Banca d'Italia, February 14, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1566061/italy-holders-of-public-debt/
