During the first half of the 2010s, the Italian government debt has been almost totally owned by private investors, such as banks and financial intermediaries. Most notably, more than one third of the national debt was held by foreign investors. After the 2011 Eurozone crisis, the European Central Bank started to purchase government bonds through a quantitative easing measure. Hence, the share of Italian debt owned by the Bank of Italy increased from less than four percent in 2010 to 22 percent in 2024.
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Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as from 2010 to 2024
Characteristic
Bank of Italy
Other national Monetary financial institutions (MFIs)
As defined by the European Central Bank, MFIs include deposit-taking corporations (credit institutions; financial intermediaries; electronic money institutions) and money market funds.
The sum of the figures may not reach 100 percent, probably due to rounding by the source.Â
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Banca d'Italia. (February 14, 2025). Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as from 2010 to 2024 [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved June 26, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1567067/italy-holders-of-public-debt-timeline/
Banca d'Italia. "Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as from 2010 to 2024." Chart. February 14, 2025. Statista. Accessed June 26, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1567067/italy-holders-of-public-debt-timeline/
Banca d'Italia. (2025). Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as from 2010 to 2024. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: June 26, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1567067/italy-holders-of-public-debt-timeline/
Banca d'Italia. "Distribution of Holders of Italian Government Debt as from 2010 to 2024." Statista, Statista Inc., 14 Feb 2025, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1567067/italy-holders-of-public-debt-timeline/
Banca d'Italia, Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as from 2010 to 2024 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1567067/italy-holders-of-public-debt-timeline/ (last visited June 26, 2025)
Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as from 2010 to 2024 [Graph], Banca d'Italia, February 14, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1567067/italy-holders-of-public-debt-timeline/
