As of December 2024, Japan held United States treasury securities totaling about 1.06 trillion U.S. dollars.
Foreign holders of United States treasury debt
According to the Federal Reserve and U.S. Department of the Treasury, foreign countries held a total of 8.5 trillion U.S. dollars in U.S. treasury securities as of December 2024. Of the total held by foreign countries, Japan and Mainland China held the greatest portions, with China holding 759 billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities.
The U.S. public debt
In 2023, the United States had a total public national debt of 33.2 trillion U.S. dollars, an amount that has been rising steadily, particularly since 2008. In 2023, the total interest expense on debt held by the public of the United States reached 678 billion U.S. dollars, while 197 billion U.S. dollars in interest expense were intra governmental debt holdings. Total outlays of the U.S. government were 6.1 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023. By 2029, spending is projected to reach 8.3 trillion U.S. dollars.
Major foreign holders of United States treasury securities as of December 2024
(in billion U.S. dollars)
The data are collected primarily from U.S.-based custodians and broker-dealers. Since U.S. securities held in overseas custody accounts may not be attributed to the actual owners, the data may not provide a precise accounting of individual country ownership of Treasury securities.
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Federal Reserve, & US Department of the Treasury. (February 27, 2025). Major foreign holders of United States treasury securities as of December 2024 (in billion U.S. dollars) [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved April 20, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/246420/major-foreign-holders-of-us-treasury-debt/
Federal Reserve, und US Department of the Treasury. "Major foreign holders of United States treasury securities as of December 2024 (in billion U.S. dollars)." Chart. February 27, 2025. Statista. Accessed April 20, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/246420/major-foreign-holders-of-us-treasury-debt/
Federal Reserve, US Department of the Treasury. (2025). Major foreign holders of United States treasury securities as of December 2024 (in billion U.S. dollars). Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: April 20, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/246420/major-foreign-holders-of-us-treasury-debt/
Federal Reserve, and US Department of the Treasury. "Major Foreign Holders of United States Treasury Securities as of December 2024 (in Billion U.S. Dollars)." Statista, Statista Inc., 27 Feb 2025, https://www.statista.com/statistics/246420/major-foreign-holders-of-us-treasury-debt/
Federal Reserve & US Department of the Treasury, Major foreign holders of United States treasury securities as of December 2024 (in billion U.S. dollars) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/246420/major-foreign-holders-of-us-treasury-debt/ (last visited April 20, 2025)
Major foreign holders of United States treasury securities as of December 2024 (in billion U.S. dollars) [Graph], Federal Reserve, & US Department of the Treasury, February 27, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/246420/major-foreign-holders-of-us-treasury-debt/
