
Aaron O'Neill
Research lead for society, economy, and politics: Europe & global
Get in touch with us nowFluctuating decline between 1997 and 2025
Compared to the earliest depicted observation from 1997 this is a total decrease by approximately 2.27 percentage points. The trajectory from 1997 to 2025 shows however that this decrease did not happen continuously.
Fluctuating rise between 2025 and 2030
The budget balance will stand at about -2.96 percent in 2030, according to forecasts. From 2025 onwards, there is an overall increase by approximately 0.06 percentage points.
The indicator describes the general government net lending/borrowing which is calculated as revenue minus total expenditure. The International Monetary Fund defines the general government expenditure as consisting of total expense and the net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. The general government revenue consists of the revenue from taxes, social contributions, grants receivable, and other revenue.
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National finances
* For commercial use only
Basic Account
Starter Account
Professional Account
1 All prices do not include sales tax. The account requires an annual contract and will renew after one year to the regular list price.