China and India have by far the most annual deaths attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution. Since 1990, the number of lives cut short due to PM2.5 exposure has increased dramatically in both countries, to 1.9 and 0.9 million in 2021, respectively. Developing nations have seen deaths rise since 1990, whilst in developed nations these numbers have decreased. For example, in 1990 there were an estimated 94,000 premature deaths in Germany, compared to 29,000 in 2021.
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Number of deaths attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) worldwide in 1990 and 2021, by select country
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Health Effects Institute, & IHME. (June 25, 2024). Number of deaths attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) worldwide in 1990 and 2021, by select country [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved June 28, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/514377/number-of-deaths-due-to-ambient-air-pollution-worldwide-by-key-country/
Health Effects Institute, und IHME. "Number of deaths attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) worldwide in 1990 and 2021, by select country." Chart. June 25, 2024. Statista. Accessed June 28, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/514377/number-of-deaths-due-to-ambient-air-pollution-worldwide-by-key-country/
Health Effects Institute, IHME. (2024). Number of deaths attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) worldwide in 1990 and 2021, by select country. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: June 28, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/514377/number-of-deaths-due-to-ambient-air-pollution-worldwide-by-key-country/
Health Effects Institute, and IHME. "Number of Deaths Attributable to Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution (Pm2.5) Worldwide in 1990 and 2021, by Select Country." Statista, Statista Inc., 25 Jun 2024, https://www.statista.com/statistics/514377/number-of-deaths-due-to-ambient-air-pollution-worldwide-by-key-country/
Health Effects Institute & IHME, Number of deaths attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) worldwide in 1990 and 2021, by select country Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/514377/number-of-deaths-due-to-ambient-air-pollution-worldwide-by-key-country/ (last visited June 28, 2025)
Number of deaths attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) worldwide in 1990 and 2021, by select country [Graph], Health Effects Institute, & IHME, June 25, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/514377/number-of-deaths-due-to-ambient-air-pollution-worldwide-by-key-country/
